. Globally, polar bear numbers are expected to plummet 30% due to the shrinking of sea ice over thirty-five to forty year. After a second assessment of data concerning the Arctic Circle’s largest mammal carnivorous animal, the International Union for Conservation of Nature issued a report. It stated that Arctic sea ice is slowly melting away, which affects the polar bears’ ability to catch prey. According to the most recent update of IUCN Red List of Endangered Species, sea habitat loss is the biggest threat to long-term survival of polar bears (Ursus martimus). Global warming is threatening the habitat of many species, including the polar bear. Many other species face a similar fate. There are many species of mushrooms. There are fewer cubs of the polar bear because there is less ice in the seas. According to the report, overfishing has been identified as the primary cause of rapid declines in the number of marine bony fish population. Alarming number of species facing extinction threat The IUCN Red List contains 79,837 assessed species, of which 23,250 are facing a serious threat of extinction. To reassess the status of the polar bear, the scientists used data from sea ice and sub-population data. Their goal was to forecast future sub-populations. The scientists also utilized statistical models and computer simulations. Their assessment was the most complete to date, they believe. The global population of poplar bears will drop by more than 30% before the end of the century, according to the experts. The IUCN Red List currently lists it as vulnerable. IUCN Director General commented that “climate change is a serious threat to the survival of polar bears in the future.” The governments meeting in Paris this month for the Climate Summit will have to work together to reach a strong deal to address this unique challenge. Polar bears rely on sea ice as a way to get to their prey. According to the authors, Arctic sea ice is melting faster than predicted. The 32-year (1979-2011), September seaice volume decreased at a rate of 14% each ten years. Polar bears will eventually die if there is no sea ice. The bears who are unable to catch their prey for more than five months will need to fast, be more vulnerable to diseases, and will eventually starve. According to the most recent ice projections, large regions in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago should be completely ice-free within five months. Other Arctic regions will likely reach the five-month mark by the middle of the century. The Arctic Sea will warm up and prey species such as ice-seals, like polar bears, will be less vulnerable. The Arctic Human Development Report states that approximately 4 million people live in the Arctic Areas. This area is divided into eight countries, including Canada, Denmark, Norway and Sweden. Their livelihood depends on polar bears. The Arctic’s polar bears provide the basis for Arctic humans’ livelihoods. They are also the top predators and are crucial for maintaining the balance of the ecosystem. Other threats: Environmental pollution and resource exploration. Polar bears also face other dangers, such as habitat destruction, worsening pollution, and increased resource exploration. For example, Arctic oil development poses serious risks, such as spillages and increased interaction between humans-bears. Dag Vongraven (Chair of IUCN’s Species Survival Commission’s (SSC), Polar Bear Specialist Group) commented that while sea ice loss poses a major threat, all possible threats to polar bees must be taken into consideration in polar Bear Management Plans. “It’s encouraging that polar range states recently approved a Circumpolar Activity Plan – the world’s first conservation strategy to ensure the survival of polar bears wild. IUCN has been actively engaged with these countries and is providing advice and scientific data to assist in implementing the plan. The action plan is hoped to make a significant impact on polar bear conservation. Polar bears can be found within the Arctic Circle as well as adjacent landmasses. Many fungi are at risk The IUCN Red List contains 29 species fungus. This is twice the number of species than in previous assessments. Habitat loss and habitat degradation are their main threats. This is most often due to changes in land use. Leptonia carnea is a blue-colored fungus found only in California’s coastal redwood forests. It has been listed as vulnerable. The area has been negatively affected by droughts that have become increasingly severe and regular, as well as the decline in fog occurrence. L. carnea has been in decline due to the continued logging of Sequoia redwood (endangered). California’s increasing drought severity and lower levels of fog have led to the Leptonia carnea survival rate being less likely. The survival of animals and plants is closely tied to ecosystem services offered by fungi. Mushrooms are an integral part of cows’ digestive systems, as well as those of sheep and other ruminants. They also have symbiotic relationships with most plant species. Many medications are dependent on fungi, such as antibiotics like Penicillin or statins. Fungi are also used to make beer, wine, bread and cheese, and many other food items. Many marine bony species in danger of extinction according to the IUCN Red List Update. This update is especially relevant for areas like East Central Atlantic, Greater Caribbean and Greater Caribbean. Further pressure is being placed on the invasive lionfish. This is a type venomous sea fish. The global assessment shows that there are only 1 ,400 sea bony fishes, and three percent of them are currently at risk. The Caribbean lionfish is in peril. The largest group of fish is the marine bony fishes. They are important both economically and ecologically. These species could have a significant impact on the livelihoods and economic well-being of over 340 millions people. This data is crucial for policymakers to use in order to manage fisheries and conserve the environment. Experts will be able to identify the sites that require immediate protection. Kent Carpenter, Manager IUCN’s Marine Biodiversity Unit said that the assessments provide detailed baseline information in a specific region. This is crucial for the identification and improvement of marine protected zones and threatened marine species.
