. New calculations show that this could be an essential feature of space and not just a math trick. All of us are convinced that the universe is three-dimensional. This assumption has been challenged by one of the most exciting theories in theoretical physics over the past twenty years. The holographic principle states that a mathematical description for the universe requires one dimension less than you would think. The image we see as 3D could simply represent 2-D processes that are located on an enormous cosmic horizon. Is it possible that we are living in a 2-D universe. Image source: Tuwien.ac.at. This principle is only applicable to exotic space with negative curvature. While this theory may be interesting, it’s quite distinct from our universe. The holographic principle is valid even when spacetime is flat, according to researchers at TU Wien. The Holographic Principle. We are all familiar with holograms, which are three-dimensional images that were created using photographic projections. Although they are actually two-dimensional, we perceive them as 3-D. This is because we have seen them on credit cards and banknotes. The universe may behave the same. Daniel Grumiller works at the Institute for Theoretical Physics. Vienna University of Technology. He said that “In 1997, Juan Maldacena suggested the idea of a correspondence between gravityal theories in curving anti-de-sitter space on one hand, and quantum field theories with one less dimension on the other.” While gravitational phenomena can be described using a three-spatial-dimensional theory, quantum particle behavior is described in two-spatial-dimensional theories. Both calculations are able to map the result of each other. This is quite a surprising association. This is similar to discovering equations in an astronomy book can be used for fixing a CD player. This method is extremely effective. Over 10,000 scientific papers about Maldacena’s ‘AdS-CFT-correspondence’ have so far been published. Even in Flat Spaces, correspondence is important for theoretical physics, but not much with our universe. We do not, apparently, live in such an anti-de-sitter-space. They have some very unusual properties. These spaces are negative curved and anything that is thrown in a straight line will return. Professor Grumiller stated that “our universe is, in contrast”, and at astronomic distances it shows positive curvature. However, Prof. Grumiller had suspected for some time that the correspondence principle could also apply to our actual universe. To test the hypothesis, gravityal theories must be built. These theories do not require exotic anti-de-sitter space, and instead exist in flat spaces. Professor Grumiller, along with colleagues from Vienna University of Technology, have worked on this project for the last three years. They also collaborated with researchers at Harvard University, MIT and Harvard. Professor Grumiller, along with colleagues from India and Japan have now published an article in Physical Review Letter. This paper confirms the existence of the correspondence principle within a flat universe. Two times calculated, same result Prof. Grumiller stated: “If quantum gravity allows for a description of a flat space by a standard quant theory, then there must be physical quantities which can be computed in both theories. The results must match.” When quantum particles are interconnected, it is impossible to describe them individually. Even though they may be located in different places, the quantum particles form one object. The measure of quantum system entanglement, entropy of Entanglement, is the measurement of how much entanglement there is. Rudranil Basu, Arjun Bagchi and Prof. Grumiller were able to demonstrate that the entropy for entanglement is equal in both flat quantum gravity as in low-dimensional quantum field theories. Max Riegler also of the Institute for Theoretical Physics at Vienna University of Technology stated: “This calculation confirms our assumption that holographic principles can be realized even in flat spaces. It’s evidence that the correspondence is valid in our universe.” Professor Grumiller said: “This calculation affirms our assumption that the holographic principal can also be realized in flat spaces. However, there seems to be increasing evidence to support the validity. Citation: “Entanglement Entropy In Galilean Conformal Field Theories And Flat Holography,” Arjun bagchi, Rudranil Basu and Max Riegler. Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 111602. Published 19 March 2015. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.114. 111602.
